After demonstrating improved overall survival (OS) compared to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus in the post-VEGF-R inhibitor setting, nivolumab (anti PD-1) became the first immune checkpoint inhibitor to gain FDA approval for advanced RCC in November of 2015 [6,7]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and renal cell carcinoma.