PPARγ ligands are also known to generate ROS in human cancer cells.48 ROS can cause oxidative damage, and its generation is important in apoptotic tumour cell death induced by various anti-cancer agents.49 In this study, CB11 generated ROS in NSCLC cells, and DPI (a Nox inhibitor and ROS scavenger) treatment suppressed CB11-mediated ROS generation and apoptotic cell death via ATM signalling. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and neoplasm.