The significant increase by day 4 p.i. and rising levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (CCL2) (Fig. 7A) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) (CCL3) (Fig. 7B) with parasitemia are notable in that MIP-1α is required for physiologically relevant levels of MC activation in vivo (69), and MIP-1α (70) and MCP-1 (71), along with RANTES (Fig. 7C), can induce histamine release by basophils (72). Here, CCL2 is linked to parasitic infectious disease.