Interestingly, MIP-1α (CCL3) and MIP-1β (CCL4) (Fig. 7B and E) levels increased through day 6/8 p.i. and then declined, while levels of RANTES gradually increased through day 4 p.i. (Fig. 7C), patterns that recall differences between severe falciparum malaria (high levels of MIP-1α/β and significantly lower baseline levels of RANTES) and mild falciparum malaria (lower levels of MIP-1α/β and significantly higher baseline levels of RANTES) in children (76). This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and Plasmodium falciparum malaria.