We found that the association between C-peptide and risk of type 2 diabetes was significant in subjects without hypertension after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, family history of diabetes, hypertension, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, eGFR and UAE, glucose and insulin (HR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.65–6.41), however the association was not significant in individuals with hypertension (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 0.99–3.25). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.