TP53 and cancer: Although it is hypothesized that betanin is responsible for the beneficial effects of beet or beet fruit juice, cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the p53 wild-type cancer cell lines (B16F10 and MCF-7) are highly sensitive to 40 μM of the betanin/isobetanin mixture (as indicated by inhibited proliferation and low cell resistance), whereas cancer cell lines (e.g., HT-29) expressing the less mutated p53 (MDA-MB-231) are not sensitive to this mixture at the same concentration [69].