TGFB1 and cystic fibrosis: At a cellular level in CF, NOX4 expression is elevated in response to TGFβ signalling (Cucoranu et al, 2005) and knockdown of NOX4 activity using siRNA or small molecule inhibitors reduces fibrosis and myofibroblasts differentiation in response to TGFβ or AngII stimulation (Cucoranu et al, 2005; Chan et al, 2013; Somanna et al, 2016).