NOX4 and atherosclerosis: However, conflicting results have emerged, suggesting that pleiotropic roles of NOX4 in angiogenesis and fatty acid oxidation may be adaptive in the stressed heart and that inhibition of Nox4 may be detrimental in some contexts (Zhang et al, 2010; Nabeebaccus et al, 2017; Schnelle et al, 2019), and it may demonstrate on‐target toxicities in other systems, such as promoting atherosclerosis (Schürmann et al, 2015).