Second, endothelial dysfunction, von Willebrand factor (vWF) elevation, Toll-like receptor activation, and tissue-factor pathway activation [62] may induce proinflammatory and procoagulant effects through complement activation and cytokine release [50], resulting in a dysregulation of the coagulation cascade with the subsequent formation of intra-alveolar or systemic fibrin clots. The gene discussed is VWF; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.