GPT and cholestasis: On the other hand, SAMe treatment did not alter: bile flow; the levels of serum biomarkers of liver injury (i.e., alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) and cholestasis (i.e., alkaline phosphatase); the expression of tissue biomarkers of liver injury (i.e. pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes) and SUMOylation genes; or renal cystogenesis (Fig. S2; Table S4).