The Correction of Hemoglobin and Outcomes in Renal Insufficiency (CHOIR) trial [14] and the Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events with Aranesp Therapy (TREAT) [15] conducted on pre-dialysis CKD patients showed that targeting higher Hb level compared with targeting lower Hb level increased the incidence of CVD events, especially stroke, and mortality. This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and chronic kidney disease.