Recently, anagliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor licensed for treating T2DM, was found to restore HG-induced endothelial dysfunction via SIRT1-dependent inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and suppression of NOX4–ROS–TXNIP–NLRP3 signaling, which suggests that anagliptin may have broad pharmacological effects in cardiovascular diseases and other metabolic disorders98. This evidence concerns the gene NOX4 and endothelial dysfunction.