TNF and COVID-19: They measured cytokines of patients with COVID-19 and indicated increasing levels of IL-1B, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-γ, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, PDGF, TNFα, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in their specimens, among which TNFα levels were higher in patients with severe disease.