Notably, although IFN-α could also re-polarize M2-polarized TAMs into activated M1-like TAMs in the lesional skin of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma [22], a phase Ib clinical trial (KEYNOTE-029) revealed that pegylated IFN-α-2b might not augment the anti-melanoma effects of anti-PD1 Abs in melanoma patients [18]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and melanoma.