However, a literature search revealed that (i) B. burgdorferi, the principal cause of Lyme borreliosis in North America, has a functional 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR EC 1.1.1.88), which is a rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway that contributes to components critical for cell wall synthesis; (ii) that statins inhibit B. burgdorferi in vitro; and (iii) that statins in a murine model of B. burgdorferi infection contribute to a reduction of bacterial burden and an alteration of the murine immune response to favor clearance of the spirochetes [18]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGA1 and Lyme disease.