Mechanistically, BOLD-100 has been shown to down-regulate GRP78 in thapsigargin-mediated stressed cancer cells [15] and trigger immunogenic cell death through the PERK/EIF2a branch of the UPR accompanied by ROS production, release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and ATP secretion via autophagy [31]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to cancer.