Figure 2 shows the distribution of the various HSP levels in patients with AF recurrence (red), compared to the remainder of the ECV population (green). Baseline HSP27, HSP70, cvHSP and HSP60 levels did not differ between patients with or without AF recurrences within the first year after ECV (Figure 2, Supplemental Tables S5 and S6). Here, HSPB7 is linked to atrial fibrillation.