TNF and psoriasis: In psoriasis, macrophages, T-cells, and dendritic cells migrate towards the epidermis and away from the dermis, releasing the inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, IL-22, or a type-1 cytokine profile (IL-2, interferon-γ [IFN-γ], and TNF-α) [9].