The combined analyses of PD-L1 and CD8+ TILs showed a significantly higher proportion of dual-positive (PD-L1+/TIL+) patients in the KRAS-mutant group than in the triple wild-type group (P = 0.019; Figure 4F), indicating KRAS-mutant lung cancers drove an inflammatory phenotype with adaptive immune resistance. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and lung cancer.