Remarkably, monoclonal antibodies such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), facilitate a patient’s own T cells to kill tumors, resulting in remarkable antitumor activity in NSCLC patients5,6. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.