ERβ elicites tumor-suppressive effects, particularly with regard to suppression of metastatic phenotypes, which is characterized by the induction of a family of secreted proteins known as cystatins and the subsequent inhibition of canonical transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling [89], leading to decreased expression of a network of genes related to extracellular matrix, cell invasion and vitamin D3 metabolism [90]. This evidence concerns the gene ESR2 and neoplasm.