CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 have shown to improve overall survival in many patients with different types of cancer including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer [15, 17].