KEAP1 and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer: For example, in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), a high level of fumarate caused by genetic mutation of fumarate hydratase induces the succination of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) accompanied by the consumption of a fumarate molecule134,135.