UBE2C, ESM1, KIAA0101,SFRP1, SFRP4, DKK1, WNT5A, APCDD1L, ESM1 and BIRC5 were amongst the genes that were expressed at higher levels (FDR corrected p-value < 0.05) in the AF compared to NP cells (FDR corrected p-value < 0.05) (Table. The gene discussed is SFRP4; the disease is atrial fibrillation.