NFKB1 and Sepsis: We have also demonstrated that in vivo administration of decoy ODNs with a circular dumbbell structure binding to another transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), which is activated during sepsis in a different time-dependent manner from NF-κB, can lead to a significant survival advantage in the late phase of sepsis in mice rendered septic by CLP without effect on early mortality18.