This is the first study showing that the suppression of the CCL2/CCR2 and CXCL10/CXCR3 axes by celecoxib may attribute to antitumor effects in a mouse malignant glioma model, in addition to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic induction by celecoxib in GSCs (Fig. 5e). Here, CXCR3 is linked to malignant glioma.