KLK3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In the first case, PSO is able to significantly reduce obesity, bone loss, or insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet6,15,16, while in human clinical trials, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of PA have been associated with a decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression or lipid peroxidation, as well as a downregulation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) aggregation, which might prevent cardiovascular events17–19.