Interestingly, levels of phosphorylated AKT and S6 ribosomal protein were increased in Gdpd3−/− LT-CML stem cells compared to Gdpd3+/+ LT-CML stem cells, indicating that Gdpd3 acts to suppress the AKT/mTORC1 pathway in Gdpd3+/+ LT-CML stem cells (Fig. 5a, b; Supplementary Fig. 8a, b). Here, GDPD3 is linked to chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.