REN and hypertensive disorder: Approximately 30% and 60% of the patients with cardiac injury had a history of coronary heart disease and hypertension, respectively.21 This implies renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation in abundance has some important role to play with SARS-CoV-2 ACE-mediated damage leading to hyperstimulation of ACE-1 pathway that incites vasoconstriction, inflammation, fibrosis and proliferation promoting adverse myocardial remodelling in addition to acute lung injury.