PPARA and hydrops fetalis: Furthermore, to investigate the functions of HF-related genes, we annotated these genes into GO and KEGG pathway analysis, we found that the DE genes were remarkably enriched in the GO terms involving TGF-β signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, PPAR signaling pathway, etc. It is well known that activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are famous for their role in liver fibrosis.