MAGEA3 was targeted in a completed Phase 1 clinical trial to treat patients with advanced HNSCC (NCT00257738, Table 2) using Trojan peptide vaccines composed of CD4 and CD8 epitopes derived from MAGEA3 and HPV16 joined by furin-cleavable linkers and fused to a ‘penetrin’ sequence from HIV TAT [67]. Here, CD4 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.