HLA-DQB1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Furthermore, HLA-DQB1, an allele of HLA-II, is associated with increased risk of T1D [77,78], and analysis of whole-blood RNA samples from participants in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study revealed that an innate immune signature is present in children carrying this allele before detection of islet autoimmunity (seroconversion) [79].