However, the generally similar severity of colitis in T/I and TIA mice, as evidenced by similar histologic scores of inflammation severity and similar levels of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines definitively shows that the abilities to carry out somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class-switching to produce IgG and IgA do not protect against the development of colitis in the setting of TNF and IL10 deficiency. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.