In contrast, the proportion of SCGB1A1+SCGB3A2high club cells was similar to the controls, but the transcriptome of the SCGB1A1+SCGB3A2high club cells was significantly dysregulated in IPF, with increased gene expression related to extracellular matrix formation, mucins and the growth factors relevant to pulmonary fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene SCGB1A1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.