TNF and cancer: Compared with OF cells, γδ T cells expanded with the NF (termed NF cells) had significantly higher expression of costimulatory molecules, a substantially stronger cellular energy metabolism capability, and considerably higher levels of effector molecules (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and NKG2D) and the degranulation molecule CD107a, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines in vitro.