IL4 and neoplasm: The same concept can be applied to immunosuppressive cytokines, for example tumor derived IL-4 and TGFβ that promote tumor growth and attenuate T-cell activity in several tumor types [124,125]: fusing the exodomain of the IL-4 receptor with the endodomain of the IL-7 receptor sustained the Th1 immune phenotype of transferred T cells and prolonged the survival of recipient mice in a xenograft model [126], while T cells transduced with both a tumor-specific TCR and a TGF-β DNR resulted in an improved tumor treatment at various dose levels compared with control T cells in transgenic mice [127].