Currently, GM-CSF, administered or overexpressed transgenically within tumor, is being evaluated as an adjuvant in clinical trials with HER2 peptide BC/DCIS vaccines (NCT00791037, NCT02636582, NCT02276300, NCT02297698, NCT00524277), folate receptor alpha peptide BC vaccines (NCT02593227, NCT03012100), folate binding peptide BC vaccines (NCT02019524), autologous BC vaccines (NCT00317603, NCT00880464), estrogen receptor peptide BC vaccines (NCT04270149), DNA-based BC vaccines (NCT02790401, NCT00436254), and others. Here, ESR1 is linked to neoplasm.