Among CTLA4 mAb, CD44-targeted NIR-PIT, and combination groups, combination group showed significantly smaller tumor volume than CD44-targeted NIR-PIT group at 35, 38 and 42 days after NIR-PIT, and showed significantly smaller tumor volume than CTLA4 mAb group at 42 days after NIR-PIT (p < 0.05, Tukey–Kramer test) (Figure 3I). Here, CD44 is linked to neoplasm.