Consistent with flow cytometry, IDO, TGF-β1, and IL-10 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the HLA-DR-/low (M-MDSC) fraction as compared to the HLA-DRhigh (monocytes) in CLL patients (p<0.05) (Figure 6A–C). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.