ILCs can respond to HIV infection at mucosal tissue sites (Fernandes et al., 2018; Kim et al., 2012) through type I IFN pathways (Wang et al., 2020) and FAS-FASL-induced apoptosis (Zhang et al., 2015) and are associated with markers of gut barrier breakdown and reduced IL-7 levels (Krämer et al., 2017), suggesting that ILCs are involved in tissue homeostasis during adult HIV infection (Shah et al., 2017). The gene discussed is FAS; the disease is HIV infectious disease.