TNF and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: Among them, proinflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have been proved to be generally upregulated by senescent cells to trigger inflammatory cascades, which cause the chronic inflammation and accelerate IDD [51, 64].