To further evaluate the potential of CD73-positive cells as a practical source for cell transplant therapy, we established a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis using bleomycin (BLM), and examined the impact of intranasal transplantation of CD73-positive cells derived from mouse subcutaneous fat on fibrosis attenuation and on infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs. This evidence concerns the gene NT5E and pulmonary fibrosis.