According to Wang et al., salvianolate lyophilized injection (SLI), which was obtained by 80% ethanol extraction of S. miltiorrhiza, protected against cerebral ischemic injury in type 1 diabetic rats subjected to intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion through down-regulation of inflammatory factors and up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) antioxidant pathway [98]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.