Wu et al. found that an herbal mixture extract named CASE (Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza water/ethanol extract [71:1.85]) suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression in vivo (Diethylnitrosamine [DEN]-induced HCC in rats) and in vitro (TGF-β1-stimulated HepG2 cells) [31]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.