HMGB1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: The HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) protein, which binds DNA and the lupus autoantigen released under inflammation, can induce the activation of NF-κB in a TLR2-dependent and TLR4-RAGE-dependent manner in mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils [138,139,140,141,142,143] as well as in mesangial cells [144].