In these studies, the association of the IL-6, NPHS1 (nephrin), TLR-4, TLR-9, STAT4 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) and MYH (mutY DNA glycosylase), genes with susceptibility to primary membranous nephropathy in Taiwan was established. This evidence concerns the gene NPHS1 and membranous glomerulonephritis.