miR-34a is a well characterized regulator of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) [49] and studies demonstrate that inhibition of miR-34a can ameliorate altered glucose metabolism, obesity and steatosis by restoring SIRT1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) signaling [94] and β-Klotho/Fibroblast growth factor-19 signaling [95,96]. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.