Rafter et al. [80] demonstrated reductions in the levels of several cancer biomarkers, along with increased production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which is associated with anti-cancer effects, after oral treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, and inulin in a randomized control trial. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is cancer.