As a master regulator of many metabolic cell adaptations in a variety of tissues and physiologic contexts, the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α, encoded by the PPARGC1A gene) has been extensively studied in the etiology of T2D [14]. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.