TNF and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Hirose et al. [9] have described the relationships between the presence of NETs and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3) caused by the existence of bacteria in tracheal aspirate, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) diagnosis, white blood cells (WBC) count, and concentrations of IL-8, TNF-α, circulating DNA (cirDNA), lactate, and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1).