Regarding cancer predisposition caused by alteration of c-NHEJ, TP53BP1 is the most interesting protein; when this protein is downregulated, it determines resistance to PARP inhibitors in breast and ovarian BRCA1 deficient cancer and to chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer cells by reducing the protein level of the ATM-CHK2 pathway [58,59]. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and cancer.