Besides HBOC, mutations or alterations of HR-related genes are responsible for predisposition to other cancer types; for example, RAD51 overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis in patients with solid malignancies [51]; mutations of MRE11 are related to sporadic gastric cancer and neuroblastoma [52,53], while RAD50 mutations are related to leukemia and endometrial carcinoma [54,55]; moreover, NBS1 has emerged as a prostate and lung cancer-susceptibility gene [56,57]. This evidence concerns the gene RAD51 and cancer.