SMAD4 and colorectal carcinoma: Accordingly, consensus molecular CRC subtypes have also been described,13 and a cancer genome atlas on CRC has been established.14 Overall, 24 host genes frequently mutate in CRC, including APC, TP53, SMAD4, PIK3CA, KRAS, ARID1A, SOX9, FAM123B, TGF-β, and DCC.