On the other hand, the expression levels of iCAF marker genes (CXCL1, IL6, and LIF) were also significantly upregulated in co‐cultured MSCs, compared to those in monocultured AD‐MSCs (Fig. 2D), suggesting that direct co‐culture induced both iCAF and myCAF differentiation in vitro. Here, CXCL1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.