ARHGEF2 and neoplasm: Dysregulated expression of ECT2 has been reported in glioblastoma 20 and carcinomas of lung 15, 21, esophageal 19, oral squamous cell 22, colorectal 23, and others 8, and the tumor-promoting effect of ECT2 is largely attributed to its GEF activity towards distinct Rho GTPases in a context-dependent manner 12, 24, 25.