Therefore, the present work may explain the cancer-promoting effect of TNF-α/TNFR1 in that 9,40, upon TNF-α stimulation, cancer cell signaling pathways shift towards TNF-α/TNFR1-mediated anti-apoptotic signals owing to low HRG expression, and thus to pro-tumor progression and drug resistant states. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.